What Is Kidney Failure? and Brief introduction

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Chronic kidney failure, also known as end stage renal disease or ESRD, is a condition where the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from the bloodstream to convert into urine. Once the kidneys are so damaged that they cannot filter the blood, the patient will require dialysis or a kidney transplant in order to live. When the kidneys fail, dialysis -- a treatment where the blood is filtered and cleaned to do the work the kidneys cannot -- is performed. While dialysis can do the essential work of the kidneys, the treatment is expensive and time-consuming, requiring a minimum of three 3-hour treatments per week. Kidney transplant surgery is the only "cure" for end stage renal disease, as a functional kidney transplant will remove the need for dialysis. A transplant poses its own challenges, but provides a great improvement in overall health when the surgery is successful.

Kidney Failure: Who Is at Risk ?
Studies have shown repeatedly that African Americans are the most likely to need treatment for kidney failure, followed by Native Americans, then Asian / Pacific Islanders. Caucasians are the least likely to have end stage renal disease, with rates of disease four times lower than blacks.

The difference in rates of disease are attributed to several things, including higher rates of diabetes in some races, access to health care, willingness to control diseases such as high blood pressure, and the ability to afford essential medications.


Men are slightly more likely to have kidney failure than women -- approximately 55% of patients are male. The rate of disease is highest between the ages of 45 to 64, an age when diabetes and other diseases have had decades to damage the kidneys.