Polycystic kidney disease hazards

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There are two types of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The first, Autosomal Dominant PKD (ADPKD), is a very common inherited disease -- a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease if either parent carries it. One in 500 newborns has ADPKD, which causes cysts to grow on the kidneys and leads to kidney failure in 50% of cases.
Autosomal Recessive PKD (ARPKD) is less common, but is a far more severe form of the disease. Both parents must be a carrier for the disease, and their children have a 25% chance of having ARPKD. Approximately 1 in 20,000 newborns have the disease.

In this form of the disease, cysts grow inside the kidney, causing such severe damage that many patients die in the first month of life.

For those who survive, one-third will require dialysis by the age of 10. To make matters worse, children with ARPKD also have associated liver disease that can also cause life-threatening problems.