Renal acid-base balance

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When you drink a large glass of water, the water gets absorbed into the blood and the following happens:
The absorbed water increases the amount of water filtered in the glomerulus.
The absorbed water in the blood reduces the Na concentration a little.
The reduced Na concentration lowers the amount of Na filtered in the glomerulus.
The nephron reabsorbs all of the reduced Na load and some of the accompanying water, leaving excess water in the filtrate.
The reduced Na concentration is sensed by the osmoreceptors.
The osmoreceptors do not secrete as much ADH.

Between water and kidneys

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Your kidneys have the ability to conserve or waste water. For example, if you drink a large glass of water, you'll find that you will have the urge to urinate within an hour or so. In contrast, if you don't drink for a while, such as overnight, you will not produce much urine and it will usually be very concentrated (i.e. darker). How does your kidney know the difference? The answer to this question involves two mechanisms:


The structure and transport properties of the loop of Henle in the nephron.
The anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin, secreted by the pituitary gland.
The loop of Henle has a descending limb and an ascending limb. As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, water is reabsorbed, but ions (Na,Cl) aren't. 

Nephron work

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Some substances are secreted from the plasma into the lumen by the cells of the nephron. Examples of such substances are ammonia (NH3). As in reabsorption,­ there are transporters on the cells that can move these specific subs­tances into the lumen.
Now let's put all of these processes -- filtration, reabsorption and secretion -- together to understand how the kidneys maintain a constant composition of the blood. Let's say that you decide to eat several bags of salty (NaCl) potato chips at one sitting. The Na will be absorbed into your blood by your intestines, increasing the concentration of Na in your blood. 

Glomerular work

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Once inside the lumen of the nephron, small molecules, such as ions, glucose and amino acids, get reabsorbed from the filtrate:

• Specialized proteins called transporters are located on the membranes of the various cells of the nephron.
• These transporters grab the small molecules from the filtrate as it flows by them.
• Each transporter grabs only one or two types of molecules. For example, glucose is reabsorbed by a transporter that also grabs sodium.
• Transporters are concentrated in different parts of the nephron. For example, most of the Na transporters are located in the proximal tubule, while fewer ones are spread out through other segments.

The function of glomerular

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In the nephron, approximately 20 percent of the blood gets filtered under pressure through the walls of the glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule. The filtrate is composed of water, ions (sodium, potassium, chloride), glucose and small proteins (less than 30,000 daltons -- a dalton is a unit of molecular weight). The rate of filtration is approximately 125 ml/min or 45 gallons (180 liters) each day. Considering that you have 7 to 8 liters of blood in your body, this means that your entire blood volume gets filtered approximately 20 to 25 times each day! Also, the amount of any substance that gets filtered is the product of the concentration of that substance in the blood and the rate of filtration.

The internal structure of the kidney

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If you were to cut a kidney in half, you would see the following parts:

• Renal Capsule - a thin, outer membrane that helps protect the kidney
• Cortex - a lightly colored outer region
• Medulla - a darker, reddish-brown, inner region
• Renal Pelvis - a flat, funnel-shaped cavity that collects the urine into the ureters

If you look closely at the cortex and medulla, you can see many tiny, tubular structures that stretch across both regions perpendicular to the surface of the kidney. In each kidney, there are one million of these structures, called nephrons. The nephron is the basic unit of the kidney. It's a long, thin tube that is closed at one end, has two twisted regions interspaced with a long hairpin loop, ends in a long straight portion and is surrounded by capillaries.

Kidney function

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Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of your fist. They are located in the middle of your back, just below your rib cage, on either side of your spine. Your kidney weigh about 0.5 percent of your total body weight. Although the kidneys are small organs by weight, they receive a huge amount -- 20 percent -- of the blood pumped by the heart. The large blood supply to your kidney enable them to do the following tasks :

Renal Failure Treatments

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How to treat Renal Failure effectively? Renal Failure, the shorten form of Chronic Renal Failure, that is a process of renal fibrosis. As for patients with Renal Failure, with the renal functional cells damaged, the excretion function of kidney will be blocked, which will lead to serious waste product accumulation，and then affect renal function seriously. Then, How to treat Renal Failure effectively? Here, specialists introduce some medical knowledge to you:First, protopathy treatment: patients should insist on long-term treatments for Primary or Secondary Glomerulus Nephritis, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and Kidney Disease.

Common Drugs Use for Diabetic in Renal Failure

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With our living standard getting higher and higher, the diet structure changed gradually. Although the prevention awareness of the disease has been improved greatly, there are still some diseases occur such as Diabetic Nephropathy. In the end stage of Diabetes, patients always suffer Renal Failure, which is one of the common complications of diabetes. Researches have showed that the morbidity of the diabetes has greatly improved the last decades though out the world. Some data shows the diabetes are most likely to suffer renal failure than people without diabetes. 

Natural Ways to Improve the Kidney Function in Renal Failure

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If not treated well in time, Renal Failure can result in fatal consequences. Acute kidney failure results when the kidneys fail temporarily. When the kidneys are affected permanently, it is called as chronic kidney failure. Other than drugs and chemicals, natural remedies can help us to improve the kidney function.
1. 
ExerciseProper and regular exercise can benefit us from the following aspects:* Reduce fluid retention* Reduce the risk of diabetes, and improve blood sugar* Improve circulation* Reduce stress and lift mood disorders, like depression* Boost immune systemConsult your doctor or our online service for suitable physical activity you can do and the frequency.

The Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease

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CKD has no signs or symptoms in the early stage; it only can be detected through lab tests.

Laboratory tests

Urine test: measure waste removal

Urinalysis: measure the kidney function by urinalysis. The urine is examined the red and white blood cells as well as solids.

24-hour urine tests: measure the severity of kidney damage and level of kidney function.

GFR: GFR is short for glomerular filtration rate. It is one way to measure the overall kidney function.

Blood test

The Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease

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When you are suffering from CKD, correct treatment is as important as an immediate one. On the basis of our comprehensive exam and then systemic diagnosis, we deliver the patients the best personalized outcomes.

We dive deeply into not only traditional Chinese medicine, but also western medicine on treating CKD. Traditional Chinese medicine functions as promote the blood circulation and remove the obstruction in blood, in the same time, combine with western medicine's rapid effects to promote the therapeutic effects.

The symptoms of chronic kidney disease

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Symptoms may not appear until your condition progresses to advanced stage. However, there are certain symptoms which could be a sign you develop CKD.

They are:
- Poor appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Ammonia breath
- Difficulty concentrating
- Itchy skin
- Muscle cramp
- Swelling in feet, face or ankles

CKD has been a worldwide worrisome health problem

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CKD has been a worldwide worrisome health problem in recent years. CKD is defined as either kidney damages or decreased GFR of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 over 3 month (The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) of the National Kidney Foundation).

CKD can be categorized to 5 stages, ranging from nearly normal kidney function to renal failure, which denotes the total or near-total loss of your kidney function and requires dialysis or kidney transplant.