Figure 1 Figure 2
The increasing number of patients who suffer from chronic kidney diseases combined with the organ shortage have directed the attention of researchers to new alternatives in the fields of regenerative medicine including cell-based therapies and tissue bioengineering. This review of renal regenerative medicine addresses the mechanisms of action by stem cells to regenerate or repair chronically damaged renal tissue, alternative routes for their delivery, the role of biomaterials in tissue engineering, and the potential therapeutic effects of combining cell therapy with biomaterials.
Despite the promise of ongoing work for therapy of chronic renal failure, caution is required as a large gap still exists between scientific knowledge and clinical translation for safe, effective stem cell-based therapies.
Figure 1 : Histology of experimental chronic renal failure included after 5/6 renal mass reduction. Severe interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis.
Figure 2 : Histology of experimental chronic renal failure after treatment with biomaterial seeded with 8 units of mesenchymal stem cells. Mild interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis and tubular degeneration.
Patients with chronic kidney disease that are candidates for dialysis or transplants should consider stem cell biotherapy. This is particularly true with individuals that have persistent impaired renal function as measured by elevated BUN, Creatinine, abnormal 24 hour creatinine clearance test and decreased glomerular filtration rate.
To evaluate your condition it would be desirable for us to review a report on either a renal ultrasound or renal scan. Patients from the age of five years to eighty years are suitable for this type of treatment.
The source of the stem cells is umbilical cord blood and umbilical cord. The blood is carefully screened to rule out HIV, Hepatitis B and C, and Cytomegalovirus.
The patient is also given stem cell growth factor and placed on a specific protocol following treatment to ensure the engraftment, survival and safe proliferation of the cells. Post procedure, the patient is followed once a month with standard kidney function tests including BUN, Creatinine, 24 hour creatinine clearance test and glomerular filtration rate to determine progress.
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What remains a question is how newborn stem cells work together to help the body heal. Researchers theorize that this diverse population of cells functions as a symphony, each type of cell having a different role to perform in healing damaged tissue and cells.
Current research suggests that newborn stem cells help orchestrate a natural repair process. Cord blood stem cells heal by helping to reduce inflammation, stimulate the growth of blood flow to injured areas, and ultimately enable injured cells to repair themselves.
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Stem cells are the "master" cells of the body. They are the building blocks of all tissues and organs. Because they have the ability to develop into many different cell types, scientists are working to harness the power of these cells to repair damaged tissue, treat diseases, and boost the body's natural healing abilities. While researchers have yet to identify every type of newborn stem cell, they have isolated specific stem cells that are the building blocks for other cells and organ tissues throughout the body. Cord blood is collected because it is a rich source of these newborn "magical" cells.
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The umbilical cord and the blood left in it at birth contain a broad diversity of pristine newborn stem cells that have demonstrated the ability to help other tissues and organs heal themselves after injury or disease. Hematopoietic stem cells found in cord blood used for 20 years to help regenerate the body's blood and immune system. Mesenchymal stem cells, found primarily in the umbilical cord tissue itself, have the ability to help from bone or connective tissues like cartilage and ligaments.
Stem cells from the umbilical cord and cord blood have distinct benefits compared to adult stems cells from bone marrow. They're younger, have greater ability to multiply, and have had minimal exposure to environmental factors like viruses or chemicals that can interfere with cell structure and function.
Cord blood stem cells are not embryonic stem cells. Collecting and using them is not controversial.
